Activity Ratio
Introduction
Accounting ratios that measure a firm's ability to convert different accounts within their balance sheets into cash or sales.In general, the sooner management can convert assets into sales or cash, the more effectively the firm is being run
Activity Ratios

Ratio

Ratio

Discussion

Inventory Turnover

COGS / Average Inventory

Measures inventory management. Inventory should be turned over rapidly, rather than accumulating in warehouses.

Receivables Turnover

Sales / Average Accounts Receivables

Measures the effectiveness of credit policies and needed level of receivables investment for sales.  (Also called the collection period).

Payables Turnover

Sales / Average Accounts Payables

Payables represent a financing source for operations.

Working Capital Turnover

Sales / Average Working Capital

Measures how much working (operating) capital is needed for sales.

Fixed Asset Turnover

Sales / Average Fixed Assets

Measures the efficiency of net fixed asset (property, plant & equipment after accumulated depreciation) investments.

Total Asset Turnover

Sales / Average Total Assets

Represents the overall (comprehensive) efficiency of assets to sales.

Cash Turnover

Sales / Average Cash (which usually includes marketable securities)

 

Payables Turnover

Sales / Average Accounts Payable

 

Activity ratios can be converted to days “held,” measures that are easily compared across firms:

Ratio

Calculation

Average Days Inventory in Stock

365 / Inventory Turnover

Average Days Receivables Outstanding

365 / Receivables Turnover

Average Days Payable Outstanding

365 / Payables Turnover

Length of Operating Cycle

365 [(1 / Inventory Turnover) +

(1 / Receivables Turnover)] ; equivalent to average days inventory + average days receivables outstanding

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